Free CIPS Contract Administration L3M3 Exam Questions

English law, with Scots and European law being different.

In many Commonwealth countries, the legal system used is based on historic English law, thus many lawyers around the world are familiar with many of the fundamental concepts of English law, including the law of contract.

Contracts should state which legal system applies.

Trading blocs eg EU, EFTA, ASEAN aim to free up trade within the bloc; the other answers of-fered will negatively affect free trade.

When profitability is spoken of as a % the selling price, the profit element is called the margin.

Win-win negotiations require a collaborative approach.

Early supplier engagement - one of the assessment criteria for this course (3.1)

Other customer data.

It would, I think, be very unusual for a contract manager to feel it appropriate to ask for information from a supplier representative about other customers. Business partners normally want their dealings to be private. However, in informal discussions, in the normal course of conversation, information is often transferred in a benign manner.

'Market skimming' is the correct answer.

An obvious example of this type of pricing behaviour is in the field of technology, where 'early adopters' will pay significantly more for a product, even although they know the price will drop subsequently. For commercially-used products, sometimes there is an urgent need for an organisa-tion to acquire - a topical example as I write (early 2022) is some new surveillance technology which is in the news and which some governments are desperate to have. In consumer markets, everyone's 'go-to' example is the next generation smartphone, especially Apple products.

Promotional pricing is a short-term price reduction (or 'two-4-one' type offer) to generate sales in the short-term, for example to clear stock, or because of a manufacturer financial support arrangement.

Price discrimination is where the seller sets different prices for different market segments. An ex-ample would be charging different rail fares in UK or mainland Europe based on customer age.

Contribution pricing is based on the notion that sales should cover costs, contributing to the busi-ness, without necessarily making a profit. For example, a large order may be accepted which will keep the workforce employed (retaining their skills as well as having a considerate / ethical outlook) to see the firm through a rough period.

Strengths.

Inability to touch something.

Services are intangible, which may present challenges when specifying / buying.

Liquidated damages clause.

The QUESTION NO : is pretty much a definition of a liquidated damages clause.