Free Huawei HCIP-Data Center Network V1.0 H12-893_V1.0 Exam Questions

In Linux, the operating system is divided into user space (where applications run) and kernel space (where the OS core functions execute with privileged access to hardware). Let's evaluate each function:

A . The NIC Driver Sends Data Frames: Network Interface Card (NIC) drivers operate in kernel space, managing hardware interactions like sending and receiving data frames. This is a low-level task requiring direct hardware access, handled by the kernel's network stack. Included in Kernel Space.

B . Data Encapsulation: Data encapsulation (e.g., adding headers in the TCP/IP stack) occurs in the kernel's network subsystem (e.g., via the protocol stack like IP or TCP). This process prepares packets for transmission and is a kernel-space function. Included in Kernel Space.

C . Bit Stream Transmission: This refers to the physical transmission of bits over the network, managed by the NIC hardware and its driver in kernel space. The kernel coordinates with the NIC to send bit streams, making this a kernel-space function. Included in Kernel Space.

D . Data Encryption: Encryption (e.g., via OpenSSL or application-level VPNs) typically occurs in user space, where applications or libraries handle cryptographic operations. While the kernel supports encryption (e.g., IPsec in the network stack), the actual encryption logic is often offloaded to user-space tools, not a core kernel function in standard contexts. Not Typically in Kernel Space.

Thus, A, B, and C are functions included in the kernel space, aligning with Linux architecture in Huawei's DCN context.

Centralized gateway deployment using BGP EVPN in Huawei's data center networks (e.g., CloudFabric) involves a gateway handling Layer 3 routing for VXLAN overlays. Let's evaluate each statement:

A . When configuring a VTEP, you need to create a Layer 2 BD and bind a VNI to the Layer 2 BD: A Bridge Domain (BD) is a Layer 2 broadcast domain in VXLAN, and a Virtual Network Identifier (VNI) is bound to it to segment traffic. This is a standard step when configuring a VXLAN Tunnel Endpoint (VTEP) to map the overlay network. TRUE.

B . A VXLAN tunnel is identified by a pair of VTEP IP addresses and can be established if the local and remote VTEP IP addresses are reachable to each other at Layer 3: VXLAN tunnels are established between VTEPs using their IP addresses as endpoints. Layer 3 reachability (e.g., via underlay routing) is required for tunnel establishment. TRUE.

C . When BGP EVPN is used to dynamically establish a VXLAN tunnel, the local and remote VTEPs first establish a BGP EVPN peer relationship and then exchange BGP EVPN routes to transmit VNI and VTEP IP address information. A VXLAN tunnel is then dynamically established between them: In BGP EVPN, VTEPs establish a BGP peer relationship, exchange routes (e.g., Type 2 for MAC/IP or Type 3 for multicast), and share VNI and VTEP IP details, enabling dynamic tunnel setup. TRUE.

D . When configuring a VTEP, you need to create an EVPN Instance in the Layer 2 BD and configure an RD for the local EVPN instance. You do not need to configure an RT: An EVPN Instance (EVI) is created within a BD, and a Route Distinguisher (RD) is configured to make routes unique. However, Route Targets (RTs) are also required to control route import/export between EVPN peers, ensuring proper VNI and route distribution. Stating that RT configuration is not needed is incorrect, as RTs are essential for BGP EVPN operation. FALSE.

Thus, D is the false statement because RT configuration is necessary in centralized gateway deployment with BGP EVPN.

In Huawei's CloudFabric Solution, the iMaster NCE-Fabric SDN controller cluster separates network planes based on carried services to ensure scalability and security. Let's evaluate each option:

A . BGP microservice plane: This is not a standard plane in Huawei's SDN architecture. BGP is used in the underlay/overlay but not defined as a separate microservice plane for the controller. FALSE.

B . Southbound service plane: This is true. The southbound plane carries configuration and control data to network devices (e.g., via NETCONF, BGP-EVPN), a critical service plane in SDN. TRUE.

C . Northbound management plane: This is true. The northbound plane provides APIs for management applications and orchestration (e.g., OpenStack integration), handling service requests. TRUE.

D . Internal communication plane: This is true. This plane facilitates communication between controller cluster nodes for synchronization and high availability. TRUE.

Thus, B (Southbound service plane), C (Northbound management plane), and D (Internal communication plane) are the network planes divided based on carried services.

VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) tunnels are used to encapsulate Layer 2 traffic over a Layer 3 network, a key feature in Huawei's data center solutions. The endpoints of a VXLAN tunnel are VXLAN Tunnel Endpoints (VTEPs), identified by their IP addresses.

Tunnel Identification: A VXLAN tunnel is uniquely identified by the pair of VTEP IP addresses (local and remote), along with the VNI (VXLAN Network Identifier). This pair ensures the tunnel is specific to the communication path between the two VTEPs.

Tunnel Establishment: During setup, VTEPs exchange information to learn each other's IP addresses. This can occur manually (static configuration) or dynamically (e.g., via BGP EVPN). The underlay network must provide Layer 3 reachability between the VTEP IP addresses, typically using routing protocols (e.g., OSPF, BGP) to ensure IP connectivity.

Reachability Condition: If the local and remote VTEP IP addresses are reachable at Layer 3, the tunnel can be established, allowing encapsulation and decapsulation of VXLAN traffic. This is a fundamental requirement in Huawei's VXLAN implementation.

The statement is TRUE (A) because a VXLAN tunnel's identification and establishment depend on reachable VTEP IP address pairs at Layer 3.

In Huawei's CloudFabric Solution, SecoManager (Security Manager) and iMaster NCE-Fabric (Network Controller) are components of the SDN ecosystem. SecoManager handles security policy management, while iMaster NCE-Fabric manages network orchestration.

Deployment: These components can be deployed independently but are designed to integrate seamlessly. Huawei's architecture supports automated interconnection after installation, leveraging northbound/southbound APIs or pre-configured integration workflows.

Interconnection: Manual interconnection is not required post-installation; the system automates the process once both are deployed and configured within the same management domain (e.g., via IP addressing and authentication).

The statement is FALSE (B) because interconnection is automated, not manual.

In Huawei's CloudFabric Solution, iMaster NCE-Fabric automates overlay network (e.g., VXLAN) configuration, while the underlay network is manually deployed. Tenant hosts failing to access external networks indicate a connectivity issue, likely at the overlay-underlay boundary or security layer. Let's evaluate each option as a possible cause:

A . No return route is configured on the PE: This is a possible cause. The Provider Edge (PE) device (e.g., border leaf or router) must have a return route to the tenant's VXLAN network for external access. Without it, traffic from external networks cannot reach the DC. POSSIBLE CAUSE.

B . The engineer did not check whether the service loopback interface needs to be configured on the VXLAN network based on the switch model: This is a possible cause. Some Huawei switch models (e.g., CE series) require a service loopback interface as the VTEP source IP. If omitted or misconfigured based on the model, external connectivity fails. POSSIBLE CAUSE.

C . No firewall security policy is configured when host traffic passes through the firewall: This is a possible cause. If a firewall is in the path (e.g., between tenant VPC and external network), a missing security policy (e.g., allowing outbound traffic) blocks access. POSSIBLE CAUSE.

D . The MAC address of the NVE interface on the VXLAN network is not manually specified: This is not a possible cause. The Network Virtualization Edge (NVE) interface in VXLAN does not require a manually specified MAC address; it uses the switch's system MAC or auto-generates one. iMaster NCE-Fabric typically handles this automatically, and manual specification is neither required nor a common fault point for external access issues. NOT A POSSIBLE CAUSE.

Thus, D is not a possible cause of the fault.

Huawei's CloudFabric Solution supports various data center scenarios. Let's evaluate each option:

A . Container network: This is true. CloudFabric supports containerized environments (e.g., Kubernetes) with VXLAN and SDN integration. TRUE.

B . OpenFlow network: This is false. CloudFabric primarily uses BGP-EVPN and proprietary protocols, not OpenFlow, which is more associated with other SDN platforms. FALSE.

C . Hosting: This is true. CloudFabric is suitable for hosting environments, providing multi-tenant network services. TRUE.

D . Cloud-network integration: This is true. It integrates with cloud platforms (e.g., OpenStack) for unified management. TRUE.

E . Computing: This is false. While it supports computing resources, ''computing'' is not a primary scenario; it's an enabler (e.g., server connectivity). FALSE.

Thus, A, C, and D are application scenarios.

In Huawei's CloudFabric computing scenario, VM service traffic involves virtualized environments with VXLAN overlays and traditional VLANs. Let's evaluate each statement:

A . Traffic inside a fabric is VXLAN encapsulated: This is true. Within a CloudFabric network, VXLAN encapsulation is used to transport traffic across the fabric, enabling overlay networking for VMs. TRUE.

B . Inter-VPC traffic must pass through the firewall: This is false. Inter-VPC (Virtual Private Cloud) traffic can be routed directly between VPCs using a gateway or router (e.g., with EVPN Type 5 routes) without necessarily passing through a firewall, depending on security policies. Firewalls are optional for inter-VPC traffic, not mandatory. FALSE.

C . Traffic between VAS devices and service leaf nodes is VLAN encapsulated: This is true. Value-Added Services (VAS) devices (e.g., load balancers) often connect to service leaf nodes using VLAN encapsulation, especially in traditional or hybrid deployments. TRUE.

D . Traffic between vSwitches on virtual servers and server leaf nodes is VLAN encapsulated: This is true. Traffic from virtual switches (vSwitches) on hypervisors to physical server leaf nodes typically uses VLAN encapsulation over the physical NICs, before VXLAN overlay if applicable. TRUE.

Thus, B is the false statement because inter-VPC traffic does not always require a firewall.

BGP EVPN (Ethernet VPN) extends BGP to provide control plane functionality for VXLAN overlays, including in Huawei's data center networks. EVPN defines several route types to advertise different types of information:

Type 1: Auto-discovery routes for EVPN instances.

Type 2: MAC/IP Advertisement routes for host reachability.

Type 3: Inclusive Multicast Ethernet Tag routes for multicast traffic.

Type 4: Ethernet Segment routes for multi-homing.

Type 5: IP Prefix routes for advertising host IP routes and external network routes, enabling inter-subnet and external connectivity.

The question specifies routes used to advertise 'host IP routes and external network routes,' which aligns with Type 5 routes. These routes carry IP prefix information and a Layer 3 VNI, facilitating Layer 3 routing within the EVPN domain or to external networks. Thus, the answer is 5.

In Huawei's spine-leaf VXLAN fabric (e.g., CloudFabric), nodes have specific roles:

A . DCI leaf: Data Center Interconnect (DCI) leaf nodes connect different data centers, not internal computing resources. Incorrect.

B . Server leaf: Server leaf nodes connect computing resources (virtual servers via hypervisors, physical servers) to the VXLAN fabric, handling access traffic. This is the correct role for connecting servers. Correct.

C . Border leaf: Border leaf nodes connect the DCN to external networks, not internal computing resources. Incorrect.

D . Service leaf: Service leaf nodes connect to value-added services (e.g., firewalls), not directly to computing resources like servers. Incorrect.

Thus, the answer is B (Server leaf).